picture from Internet
1、骑墙观望-理清创业和有偿就业中的不确定性对混合就业的影响
先前的研究表明，创业的不确定性会影响个人在混合就业和全职就业之间的决定，但这些研究很大程度上忽略了不确定性在有偿就业中的作用。通过将混合创业定义为创业和有偿就业的实物期权组合，我们认为创业和有偿就业的不确定性以及它们之间的相互作用决定了个体对创业模式的选择。我们使用当前人口调查、收入与项目参与研究（SIPP）的数据验证我们的理论，并为混合创业文献和创业不确定性研究做出贡献。
Prior research agrees that uncertainty in entrepreneurship shapes individuals' decision between hybrid and full-time entry, but largely neglects the role of uncertainty in paid employment. By theorizing that hybrid entrepreneurship is a portfolio of real options in entrepreneurship and paid employment, we argue that both uncertainty in entrepreneurship and paid employment as well as their interplay determine individuals' decisions regarding their mode of entry into entrepreneurship. We validate our theory using data from the Current Population Survey and the Study of Income and Program Participation and contribute to the hybrid entrepreneurship literature and research on uncertainty in entrepreneurship.
论文原文：
Gertraud M. Gänser-Stickler, Matthias Schulz, Christian Schwens.Sitting on the fence - Untangling the role of uncertainty in entrepreneurship and paid employment for hybrid entry[J].Journal of Business Venturing, 2022,37(2).
2.当军士的级别高于将军时:个人——组织契合度和当特许经销商作为其特许经营授权公司的代理时的表现
为了解释特许经营组织的特征是如何塑造特许经营者的个人属性与他们作为特许经营授权公司的代理时的表现之间的联系，我们引入了个人——组织契合度这一概念。为了证实这一观点，我们提出了一些论据，来说明为什么特许经销商的代理业绩与其之前的行业和教育经验之间的联系取决于特许经营组织的创业定位、集中化和正规化。利用来自47家特许经营组织的276名特许经营者的数据进行多层次分析，结果在很大程度上支持了我们的观点。讨论部分阐述了本研究的结论对特许经营及其他领域的理论和实践意义。
We introduce a person-organization fit perspective to explain how franchise organization characteristics shape the link between franchisees' individual attributes and their performance as agents of their franchisor. Showcasing this idea, we develop arguments to suggest why the links between franchisees' agent performance and their prior industry and educational experiences are contingent upon the franchise organization's entrepreneurial orientation, centralization, and formalization. The results from multilevel analyses using the data of 276 franchisees from 47 franchise organizations largely support our ideas. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our study for franchising and beyond.
论文原文：
Thorsten Semrau, Torsten Biemann .When sergeants can outrank generals: Person-organization fit and the performance of franchisees as agents of their franchisor [J].Journal of Business Venturing, 2022,37(2).
3. 这很有趣也很重要!超越平均水平以增加创业研究中实证结果的推论价值
对于学者应该做有趣的研究还是重要的研究这一争论,我们认为,创业领域的学者可以二者兼得，首先要确认情境在本学科中的重要作用，并且要设计出能够探索和充分利用样本异质性的实证研究方式。我们提供了一份非详尽的分析方法和经验方法清单，这些方法可以使学者们看到过去的样本范围内的平均水平，而不是去探索这些研究发现之间浅显的细微差别。通过以这些方式将实证研究置于情境中，学者们可以超越这些平均水平，以便更好地理解一个给定的结果是否“真实”，更重要的是，在哪里、何时、对谁来说它是真实的或不真实的，从而增加我们研究结论的推论价值。
Amid the debate over whether scholars should conduct interesting or important research, we contend that entrepreneurship scholars can achieve both ends by acknowledging the foundational role context plays in our discipline and designing our empirical research in ways that enable us to explore and exploit the heterogeneity of our samples. In turn, we provide a non-exhaustive list of analytical approaches and empirical methods that can enable scholars to look past sample-wide averages and, instead, explore the nuances that exist beneath the surface of those findings. By contextualizing empirical research in these ways, scholars can move beyond these averages in order to better understand not only whether a given result is “true,” but more importantly where, when, and for whom it is or is not true, thereby increasing the inferential value of our findings.
论文原文：
Scott L. Newbert, Romi Kher, Shu Yang.Now that's interesting and important! Moving beyond averages to increase the inferential value of empirical findings in entrepreneurship research[J].Journal of Business Venturing, 2022,37(2).
4. 在肥沃的土地上扎根:社区背景和混合型公司的集聚
混合型公司在哪里会蓬勃发展，为什么？我们利用经济学中的集聚理论和社区的社会文化理论来检验什么样的具体环境能够使得混合型企业繁荣发展，并解释了为什么环境对他们所采用的独特商业模式很重要。我们假设社区的集体主义、政治倾向和第三部门的宽裕度对混合型企业的集聚有显著的促进作用。我们用来自不同来源的数据来检验这些假设，涵盖了17年来260个美国大都市统计区。研究结果表明，经济理论和社会文化理论都具有较强的解释力，它们的结合更全面地解释了混合集聚现象。其他分析丰富了我们对这种聚集如何随时间发展的理解。
Where do hybrid companies flourish and why? We draw on economic theories of agglomeration and sociocultural theories of community to examine the specific contexts in which hybrids flourish, and offer an understanding of why place matters to the unique business models they employ. We hypothesize that a community's collectivism, political orientation, and third sector munificence have distinct roles in promoting hybrid company agglomeration. We test these hypotheses with data drawn from a variety of sources, covering 260 U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas across 17 years. Our results indicate that both economic and sociocultural theories offer explanatory power, and their union more completely explains hybrid agglomeration. Additional analyses enrich our understanding of how this agglomeration unfolds over time.
论文原文：
Michael V. Russo, Andrew G. Earle, Brooke A. Lahneman, Suzanne G. Tilleman.Taking root in fertile ground: Community context and the agglomeration of hybrid companies[J].Journal of Business Venturing, 2022,37(2).
5. 感知社会破坏性会降低企业家晚间睡眠质量并抑制第二天的工作投入度:睡眠质量的中介作用和特质弹性的缓冲作用
企业家是在一个不确定的、新颖的、高风险的环境中工作。这种环境可能会导致他们在有关企业如何发展、成长以及经营等方面产生分歧和冲突，从而引发破坏性的社会互动。通过检查企业家日常感受到的来自工作伙伴的社会破坏，以及这种感知到的破坏如何以及何时影响企业家的工作投入，本项研究阐明了破坏性人际关系的作用。从以资源为基础的自我调节视角，我们构建了一个描述自我调节损伤机制的理论模型，即企业家感知到的社会破坏降低了夜间的睡眠质量，从而抑制了第二天的工作投入。我们进一步推论，特质弹性（trait resilience）作为自我调节能力中的一种，可以对这一损伤过程起到缓冲作用。我们在一项研究中测试了这个模型，该研究收集了77位企业家在10个工作日内的调查数据。研究结果在很大程度上支持了我们的假设，并进一步表明特质弹性对缺乏经验的企业家更为重要。我们的研究有助于研究企业家的人际关系——尤其是破坏性的人际关系——如何影响创业幸福感。
Entrepreneurs work in an uncertain, novel, and high-stakes environment. This environment can lead to disagreements and conflicts over how to develop, grow, and run a business venture, thus triggering destructive social interactions. This research sheds light on the role of destructive interpersonal relationships by examining daily perceived social undermining from work partners and how and when this perceived undermining affects entrepreneurs' work engagement. Building on a resource-based self-regulation perspective, we develop a theoretical model of the self-regulation impairment process whereby an entrepreneur's perceived social undermining disrupts sleep quality at night, which dampens work engagement the next day. We further theorize trait resilience as a self-regulation capacity that buffers this impairment process. We test the model in a study based on daily surveys over 10 workdays from 77 entrepreneurs. The results largely support our hypotheses and further indicate that trait resilience is more crucial for less experienced entrepreneurs. Our study contributes to research on how entrepreneurs' interpersonal relationships—particularly destructive ones—affect entrepreneurial well-being.
论文原文：
Wei Yu, Zhuyi Angelina Li, Maw-Der Foo, Shuhua Sun.Perceived social undermining keeps entrepreneurs up at night and disengaged the next day: The mediating role of sleep quality and the buffering role of trait resilience [J].Journal of Business Venturing, 2022,37(2).
6. 变质桶里的好苹果:在非正规制度成为广泛特征的领域中公司实现正规化的时序模型
研究企业家精神的学者越来越关注正规化(即公司从非正规到遵守正规制度的转变)。然而，有关非正规企业如何寻找机会转变为完全符合法律规定的企业的真实过程，人们知之甚少。这种转变带来了巨大的挑战，特别是在普遍采用非正规制度的领域。为了理解企业如何过渡到正规制度，并在这样的情境下应对相关的制度挑战，我们对一家从意大利秘密政党手中没收的非正规企业进行了纵向、归纳的案例研究，并证实它是如何成功地在一个非正式规范交易并被社会广泛接受的大环境中实现正规运作的。研究结果表明，在这种背景下，正规化是一个两阶段过程，首先要将企业从非正规制度的影响中解脱出来，然后便是培育正规制度以增加企业的合法性。该研究促进了正规化、企业家精神和制度工作的理解，认为正规化是一种动态的、具有企业家精神的努力过程，需要在不同时间点进行具体的制度工作才能实现。
Entrepreneurship scholars have devoted increasing attention to formalization (i.e., a firm's transition from informality to compliance with formal institutions). However, little is known about the actual process through which informal firms transition to pursue opportunities in a fully legally compliant way. This transition poses formidable challenges, especially in fields in which informality rather than formality is widespread. To understand how firms transition to full formality and manage the related institutional challenges in such contexts, we conduct a longitudinal, inductive case study of an informal firm, confiscated from the Mafia in Italy, and examine how it succeeded in operating formally in a field in which informality regulated transactions and was accepted across society. The findings suggest that formalizing in such contexts is a two-phase process that entails first extricating the enterprise from the influence of informal institutions and then cultivating formal institutions in the field to increase the firm's legitimacy. The study contributes to the literature on formalization, entrepreneurship, and institutional work by advancing the understanding of formalization as a dynamic and entrepreneurial endeavor that requires specific institutional work at different points in time to succeed.
论文原文：
Valeria Cavotta, Elena Dalpiaz.Good apples in spoiled barrels: A temporal model of firm formalization in a field characterized by widespread informality[J].Journal of Business Venturing, 2022,37(2).
7. 失败但被证明有价值?众筹失败后市场验证对持续性和绩效的影响
我们研究了在特定类型的失败(众筹失败)后，市场验证对持久性和后续表现的影响。我们利用混合方法设计，对企业家实施有控制的实验室实验(研究1)，并结合两个档案数据库展开了一项四年滞后纵向数据的实地研究(研究2)。我们发现，市场验证会通过情感激活和基于认知的行动意图(特别是搜索和知识整合)鼓励企业家继续坚持。我们还发现另一种形式的验证，专家验证，加强了这种关系。实地研究的结果显示，与专家验证相比，市场验证更能预测众筹失败后的表现。我们从社会证明和群体观点的智慧中提炼出了我们的理论模型，并揭示了本研究结果的重要启示。
We investigate the impact of market validation on persistence and subsequent performance following a specific type of failure (crowdfunding failure). We leverage a mixed methods design, employing a controlled lab experiment with entrepreneurs (Study 1) and a four-year lagged longitudinal field study which combines two archival databases (Study 2). In our experiment, we find that market validation encourages entrepreneur persistence through affective activation and cognition-based action intentions (specifically search and knowledge integration). We also find that another form of validation, expert validation, strengthens this relationship. In our field study, market validation is shown to be a stronger predictor of performance after a crowdfunding failure in comparison to expert validation. We draw from the social proof and wisdom of the crowd perspectives to develop our theoretical model and explain the implications of our findings.
论文原文：
Regan Stevenson, Jared Allen, Tang Wang.Failed but validated? The effect of market validation on persistence and performance after a crowdfunding failure [J].Journal of Business Venturing, 2022,37(2).
8. 结盟或灭亡:撒哈拉以南非洲的社会企业网络协调
前人的研究表明，网络对于扩大社会企业的影响力至关重要。然而目前来说，有关社会企业如何以及为何能够随着自身规模的扩大而成功地配置相应网络，现有研究还缺乏深入的了解，特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲新兴经济体的背景下。基于社会网络理论，我们对肯尼亚的六家社会企业进行了归纳研究，分析了它们的阶段性网络协调。我们的研究结果表明了如何以及为何对于初始规模而言，创业情境桥接和规避社会责任是很重要的，而协调的能力建设以及与政治参与者协调的激励措施则对于发展和指引社会企业生态系统而言是必要的。总之，本研究的结论有助于更深入地理解在新兴经济背景下，社会企业家如何以及为何能使用自主的网络行动帮助他们取得成功。
Previous research has shown that networks are vital for scaling the impact of social enterprises. However, at present, insight into how and why social enterprises successfully orchestrate networks over time as they scale, particularly in the Sub-Saharan African emerging economy context, is scant. Theoretically sensitized by social network theory, our inductive study of six Kenyan social enterprises analyzed their phase-contingent network orchestration. Our findings show how and why entrepreneurial contextual bridging and circumventing social liability are important for initial scaling, whereas aligned capacity building as well as aligning incentives with political actors become necessary to develop and navigate social business ecosystems. In sum, we contribute a deeper understanding of how and why agentic network actions help social entrepreneurs achieve success as they scale in an emerging economy context.
论文原文：
Christian Busch, Harry Barkema.Align or perish: Social enterprise network orchestration in Sub-Saharan Africa[J].Journal of Business Venturing, 2022,37(2).
9. 支持生存型创业的挑战:了解小额信贷中的贷款官员退出
生存型创业（Necessity entrepreneurship）可以作为低收入个人摆脱贫困的途径，小额信贷往往提供重要的财政支持。然而，小额信贷机构普遍采用的关系贷款战略可能会影响信贷员的人事变动率，进而损害创业者获得信贷的机会。虽然有一些理由推测，与贫困创业者的关系贷款将增加留任率，但我们认为，为贫困创业者服务可能会导致更多的信贷员选择辞职:商业小额信贷机构的信贷员不太可能对贫困减轻有强烈的承诺，并且可能因在贫困地区进行具有挑战性的实地贷款工作而被征税。拉丁美洲一家小额信贷银行的定性和定量数据支持我们的假设，研究结果表明当信贷员的工作涉及更多贫困客户时，他们更有可能退出，当此类工作需要在低收入地区进行密集的实地工作时，这种影响最强。对全球小额信贷行业趋势的补充分析表明，贫困客户对营利性组织退出的影响强于非营利组织，这表明非营利组织员工的亲社会动机可能有缓冲作用。总结而言，我们的研究揭示了为生存型创业提供服务如何会对一线员工产生负面的、意想不到的后果。
Necessity entrepreneurship can serve as a pathway out of poverty for low-income individuals, with microfinance often providing important financial support. Yet the relational lending strategies common among microfinance institutions may influence loan officer turnover and, in turn, compromise entrepreneurs' access to credit. While there is some reason to suspect that relational lending with poor entrepreneurs will increase retention, we propose that serving the poor may make loan officers more likely to quit: loan officers in commercial microfinance institutions are unlikely to have strong commitments to poverty alleviation and may be taxed by the challenging fieldwork associated with lending in poor areas. Qualitative and quantitative data from a microfinance bank in Latin America support our expectations, showing that exit becomes more likely when loan officers' work involves more poor clients and that the effect is strongest when such work demands intensive fieldwork in low-income areas. Supplementary analyses of trends across the global microfinance industry demonstrate that poor clients have a stronger impact on exit in for-profits than non-profits, suggesting that prosocial motives among non-profit employees may have a buffering effect. Overall, our study reveals how providing services to necessity entrepreneurs can have negative, unexpected consequences for frontline employees.
论文原文：
Laura Doering, Tyler Wry.The challenges of supporting necessity entrepreneurs: Understanding loan officer exit in microfinance. [J].Journal of Business Venturing, 2022,37(2).
推荐
订阅
点击“阅读原文”发现更多未推送经济金融学论文导读！
文章评论